Functional Grammar is a theory in the organization of language, whereby in the theory the functional notions

Notion of functional grammar

Functional Grammar is a theory in the organization of language, whereby in the theory the functional notions has a crucial role to play as well as essential roles at different stages of grammatical composition. The theory theme is based on the data and description of a number of languages, and therefore it contains high level of typological adequacy. As a result there are several principles of grammar and techniques that are applicable in the synthetic functions approach to languages. Therefore in order to analyze and explain the linguistics interactions it is important to focus on these language synthetic techniques and the functional part of grammar.

Synthetic language   focus is on addressing the people’s authentic speech and the writing techniques involved. They also put more focus on how people interact naturally in social contexts .Peoples ability to  figure out contexts from a text  is one way on how the two aspects are interrelated (O’Halloran, 2010). The other step is the people’s ability to predict language from context which provides more evidence of presence of the two aspects. It was figured out that SFL functions is not only to deal on the functional questions on how people use language, but also gives an interpretation of the linguistics system in respect of a functional  semantic perspective. Systemacists have focused on the use of language in an authentic text. It is clear that the main reason that the language has evolved to serve is to enable people to make meanings with each other. Those language users do not interact only to have a sound exchange, but their interaction is aimed at making sense of the world. It is also notable that language is a different type of semiotic system because it comprises of three levels, making levels. The upper content level known as the semantics .The other level is the intermediate level of content also identified as lexico-grammar. Therefore, the overall principle of language can be termed as a semantic one whereby each text used is in record made in any particular context.

 Semiotic system of language

 This is the most sophisticated and elaborates part of the semiotic system. It adores language with a privileged status in that other systems can be easily translated to language. For example, language can be used to talk about the clothing semiotic system, but clothes cannot be used to bring out the meaning of language makes. The reason why language is described as a semiotic system is because it uses sets meaningful choices and oppositions. Language in this case has several functions that it plays as a semiotic system. First it makes order of content, For example, while talking of human offspring’s, the lexical systems indicates that the conceptual domain is organized by the English speakers (Halliday, `2002). The second function is ordering of expressions. As a result of all the sounds people are physiologically capable of producing, English is able to recognize only about thirty as eloquently distinct. For example, the different between pronouncing the k in kid-with, little or no release of air un aspirated and pronouncing it with a rush of air aspirated is not a consequential dissimilarity in English. However, it is clear that the difference between kid where the vibrating vocal chords produces the final sound and where there is no vibration is a significant difference to English speakers. This is because it brings out the difference of the two pronunciation meanings.

There are several grammatical systems that form language. For example, the lexical choice system although they are not the only choice in this case the other types are under the grammatical choice which includes. Declarative, an interrogative, and an imperative. These systems are very important in language composition because they boost the functionality of the English language.

Therefore, in concern to the notion of grammar, SFL has been perceived as the semantic functional approach in language which explores how people use language in a number of contexts. Again in this case the structures of language have been addressed in a semiotic system perspective (Trew, 1979). Therefore, from the analysis it is clear that the linguistic approach towards the meaning of texts, the systematic linguistics has sails in a common ground with the grammarians text as well as analysts discourse from a variety of perspectives. However, the distinguishing nature of systemic linguistics is that it aims at developing both a theory on a certain language as a social procedure and an investigative methodology which permits the comprehensive and systematic description of language patterns.

Transitivity

This aspect involves a number of aspect even those that are in the presence of the object verb. All these language components are concerned with the effectiveness of how a verb takes place. It is clear that this language components co vary between them, making transitivity the central property of the language use (Fowler, 1991). This aspect can be derived from the disclosure function based on the course function. Transitivity is a composition of verbs which have a close relationship whether a verb takes a direct object and the number of objects that a verb can accommodate. It has a close relation to valiancy where it puts into consideration of other verb arguments.

Functional grammar and ideology

Whenever people are talking or writing they produce a text. In this case a text is an instant language in any medium that builds sense to a person who has knowledge in language. Functional grammar ad ideology can be explored from many many-faceted phenomenons. That is it can be explored from a number of different point of views (Fairclough, 1989). This can be distinguished in two main ways, focus on the text as an object in its own right, and focus on the text as an instrument for finding out about something else. On the context of language as a text, questions such as the text meaning, reasons for its valuation are the main issues in this case. On the other hand focusing it as an instrument issues such as what the text reveals on the language system. These two perspectives are clearly complementary as far as grammar functions and ideology is concerned.

The journey towards a grammatical or functional grammar has a number of stages. These include Syntagmatic; in this case the collocation measure is the degree a word probability increases with respect to the presence of a certain other word. This means that if a person reads or hears a word from within a text there are high chances that the word may be somewhere in the immediate neighborhood. Therefore, such conditioning effects can be measured in both directions: both the increased probability of the first word in the environment of the other word in the text and the increased probability of the second word in the environment. The next stage is on the Syntagmatic, it is a case where words can be placed in a certain grammatical classes. The stage of paradigmatic function items is in set where they share semantic features and common collocation patterns. For example, tree grass and flowers, they share a common feature which is that they are from the same generic group of names. Finally it is the paradigmatic stage; this stage puts more focus on the relationship that exists between linguistic elements, which can act as substitutes of each other in a given context.

There are also several theories that can be used in the exploration of functional grammar and ideology Lexico grammar is the first .Which represents a peculiar term to systemic functional linguistics (Brookes, 1995). The term explains the continued relationship between the grammar and lexis. These are discrete phenomena’s and the relationship that exists between the two terms is described as a cline resembling one of the grammar delicacies. Another important theory is the Grammaticalization; in accordance to linguistics history and disclosure analysis this is the process in which lexical items transforms to those that serves grammatical functions. It can also represent a grammatical development of a new grammatical function. The grammar classes and the corpus can be used in this analysis.

Finally, the section of classes and functions of grammar, It is clear that grammarians in the above analysis have been giving out suggestions on a construct on an abstract model of the language system which is on observation language models into their instant use. This evidence is available as a result of computerized corpus. However the relationship that exist between what people observe and other forms of written disclosure builds the construct categories in functional grammar that enables people to explain how language works. The construct also contains descriptions of how people discursively exchange meanings in real life situations. The fact is that this system is complex and indirect; as a result grammarians have tried to come up with a helpful resource to go about it.

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