Developing Learning Targets

Name:

Institution:

Course:

Tutor:

Date:

Developing Learning Targets

Brokhat’s meaning of multiple measures is that one should use more than only one score in making any judgments. She asserts that the term could mean many things but what is important is that multiple measures use results in meaningful and important decisions. A clear understanding of the many faces of multiple measures helps us think about the logic used in each case. Wise actions can only result if the measures and logic are right for their intended purposes. She argues that use that it is prudent to use more than one indicator in education before arriving at a decision. This ensures that the management arrives at a more credible decision. The judgments could be of various groups like classes, schools as well as school districts and could also involve individual students.

She argues that it is not easy to understand and be able to use multiple measures appropriately we should to begin with understand their purpose. Brokhat as effectively set out important reasons as to why multiple measures should be applied. The measures help on improve their construct validity. This is usually the degree to which a score will convey important information about the attribute that it is measuring (Ardovino,2000).

The second reason for using the measures is that they help one in enhancing decision validity. Decision validity is usually a scenario where there is a number of relevant information and each information has more than one measure. For example in deciding whether a student should be put in special education, we should not only consider his reading comprehension but also his achievements in other subjects as well as his historical interventions with things like a reading support program. We can also look his responses to school together with his parents, view of his work at home (Metler,2006).

She points out that the various ways of combining multiple measures and its different definitions may not always give the accurate picture of achievements. She also points out that this approach could be used by professional organizations to help them make important education decisions.

Her arguments are on point considering McMillan’s argument. It is true that decision making and policy making is a complex one and the maker is keen on arriving at the best decision. In order to arrive at the best decision, it is prudent to consider a number of variables. If we consider different aspects, we are able to establish their truthfulness and trustworthiness before arriving at any decision. Through use of multiple measures a researcher is able to know how better to handle to handle the reality on the ground as well as give him confidence in his project (Baker, 2003).

Further multiple measures as explained by McMillan have greater explanatory power. A decision maker is able to give an explanation as to why they have made a certain decision based on the different measures that they have employed in arriving at the decision. This is in line with Brokhat’s argument that the use of different measures ensures that the management arrives at a more credible decision. The judgments could be of various groups like classes, schools as well as school districts and could also involve individual students. The credibility of the decision is attributed to the use of different indicators.

Lastly, multiple measures measure high up in the thinking, according to Brokhart. But although it is high up in the thinking it may not achieve its intention. This is true since one can use credible indicators and still arrive at the wrong decision. It could also not give a true picture on the ground.

References

HYPERLINK “http://www.google.co.ke/search?hl=en&q=inauthor:%22Joan+Ardovino%22&sa=X&ei=EhwrTbXtBMG7hAe5-YDxAQ&ved=0CDIQ9Ag” t “_blank” Ardovino, J. (2000). HYPERLINK “http://books.google.co.ke/books?id=MxO3gbrwGO4C&printsec=frontcover&dq=multiple+measures&source=bl&ots=SzaBUPX73I&sig=pWMFeB95egqao-NixPnj5jIP6XM&hl=en&ei=EhwrTbXtBMG7hAe5-YDxAQ&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=4&ved=0CDEQ6AEwAw” t “_blank” Multiple measures: aaccurate ways to assess student achievement . New York. United States. Wiley John& Sons.

Baker, E.L.(2003). Multiple measures: toward tiered systems. Los Angeles. University of California.

HYPERLINK “http://www.google.co.ke/search?tbs=bks:1&tbo=p&q=+inauthor:%22Craig+A.+Mertler%22&source=gbs_metadata_r&cad=10” t “_blank” Metler, C. A (2006)..Action research: teachers as researchers in the classroom.Washington D. C. United States.SAGE.

HYPERLINK “http://books.google.co.ke/books?id=MxO3gbrwGO4C&printsec=frontcover&dq=multiple+measures&source=bl&ots=SzaBUPX73I&sig=pWMFeB95egqao-NixPnj5jIP6XM&hl=en&ei=EhwrTbXtBMG7hAe5-YDxAQ&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=4&ved=0CDEQ6AEwAw” t “_blank” Rena,M. Keith,P. (2008) HYPERLINK “http://books.google.co.ke/books?id=MxO3gbrwGO4C&printsec=frontcover&dq=multiple+measures&source=bl&ots=SzaBUPX73I&sig=pWMFeB95egqao-NixPnj5jIP6XM&hl=en&ei=EhwrTbXtBMG7hAe5-YDxAQ&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=4&ved=0CDEQ6AEwAw” t “_blank” Assessing the Online Learner: Resources and Strategies for Faculty. New York.United States. John Wiley and Sons.