Discussions

Discussions

Week 2

Virtue ethics mainly deals with both morality and honest of an individual. It explains how moral people with good virtues can do such as having the habits of the generosity and honesty. In criminal justice system, it helps the judges to determine whether one is guilt of their actions and judgement will be determined. Stoicism is the philosophy that tends to teach people how to live with others by having self-control that would help them to overcome any kind of destructive emotions. In criminal justice, this should be used to enable the accused individual have self-control whenever they are explaining themselves to enable the judge understand the problem at hand. Hedonism philosophy explains that the most important aspect and pursuit to mankind is something that makes them feel good and it is what is good for an individual as it will help them overcome many problems of life. Therefore, according to this phyllophyte, something that is good to human is pleasure and thus it is what makes people have good life as pain is what is considered to be something evil. In criminal justice system, the culprits and whoever is suspected to be having a problem needs to be given opportunity and justice before they are proven to be guilty. This is an important aspect of life and it is what makes that person feel good and have pleasure. Otherwise, denying them their right and other basics would cause pain to them and thus it is what is considered evil.

Week 4 Discussion

Evaluating the code of ethics and ethical principles in law enforcement is such a great thing that needs to be done to enable the culprit understand the problems affecting them and other related challenges before they are challenging. It is because the code of ethics is wide and it gives members of an institution the general concepts of what needs to be done and the nature of behavior that needs to be adapted. Therefore, it entails all the decisions that are considered acceptable and encouraged in the workplace. Code of conducts is usually more specific and it elaborates how the members need to behave in the workplace by specifically discussing the required behaviors. This enables the law enforcement body to specifically apply a given rule and judge to the individual who is caught in mess. According to the fourth amendment, people have right to protect and secure their properties and their persons against any seizure and act that is considered unreasonable and this limits the police to search people in their homes. 5th amendment protects people against any complement even if they are criminals. Therefore,, the two amendments are good for people who are considered criminals and therefore, during law enforcement, these people are protected against harassment by the police because they have the rights against any kind of infringement by the authority and it is what protects them whenever the police needs to use force to get evidence when they are accused to be criminals before being proven.

Week 6 Discussion

According to the 8th amendment of America, the law requires that there is no need to have excessive bail or when imposing fines, there is no need of using excessive force and at any given time, there is no need of using excessive punishment when inflicting it to the suspect. As such, the federal government is prohibited from imposing penalties that are harsh to the victims. Capital punishment is well known to be a death conviction where the offenders are executed and this is done under the law and therefore, this is different from the extrajudicial killings that do not follow any procedures. Therefore, capital punishment and life imprisonment when being evaluated needs not to be evaluated using the ethical principles because going against the law when implementing this is against the law. Sometimes those who are harassed and killed are viewed to be the correct thing to do as they area supposed to be jailed for life or killed. As such, ethical principles requires that they need to be well handled because they have the right to be respected. They should not be harassed or tortured as the law protects them against any kind of torture that can make them feel bad. The 8th amendment requires that everyone is entitled to all manner of protection and when punishing, no need of inflicting harsh judgements as it affects how the victim suffer.

Week 7 Discussion

Usually, the public officials do have sovereign immunity. As such, it makes them have easy time when they are found to have committed crime to be released and this is not the same case for the other members of the community. This solely depends on the people they know in the government as well as their ranks in government. On the other hand, a private citizen when they commit crimes are arrested and they do not have any benefit that the officials of government have and the arrest is mandatory for such people. Sometimes the level of incompetence as well as the negligence that most of the officials in the state is wanting and this has affected the law in most countries where their judicial system is week. A good illustration of this is a case of the pollution that involves the state parastatals. Nonetheless, if similar companies are owned by private individuals, they are likely to face the major sanctions following their pollution of the environment. Therefore, actions against pollution by state parastatals may not survive as compared to the one that is owned by private citizens. Therefore, there is no double standards as the law does not apply equally even though the written law document emphasizes that all these groups need to be judged equally and there is no need to favor any side. Nonetheless, the power and the positions that these groups have differ making the law to have difficult time for those who are implementing it.

Week 8 Discussion

Morally, there is difference between killing and letting die in the medical context and there is need to understand the difference. It all lies with the agent and therefore, distinction may occur in some cases while other cases do not have such distinctions. Therefore, when it comes to medical context, the distinctions between killing and letting die needs to be well differentiated. In medical context, when an agent kills, one is tasked to take the responsibility of their actions and when an agent let a patient dies, then they should not take the responsibility. The moral distinction is defeated especially when the agent takes the responsibility of killing the patient surrounding the situation. Therefore, for that situation, killing does not involve being responsible and on the other hand, letting die will not make the agent escape the responsibility. In most instances, there is huge confusion in the healthcare setting because sometimes, patients make choices and this may affect how the outcome will be. For instance, according to the code of ethics and conducts governing the healthcare practitioners, they are required to always expected to seek the advice of the patient on what is known to be workable and the final decision made by the patient is followed. What the healthcare practitioners can do is that they can participate in offering education on the better options available and let the patient decide. If the state of the patient is bad, a close member of the family is allowed to make decisions on behalf of their patient on the best available options.